Managing Employee Compensation and Benefits Essay

Introduction Libraries and Information Centres’ services in Nigeria are being regarded as humanitarian services and therefore issue of compensation and benefits are not well defined. However, other forms of financial assistance embedded in the Nigeria civil service rule include things like Monetization, National Health Insurance Scheme, Contributory Pension, and Pension Benefits; all of which staff of Libraries and Information Centres also benefit from. Aside this is the Annual Appraisal Form (Aperform) that contains basic requirements expected of an employee before he can be promoted. Nigerian Universities also makes use of this to assess staff in order to determine their remuneration as at when due. For corporate body organizations where special libraries and information centres form part of the organization, compensation and benefits will depend on the annual appraisal or job satisfaction based on criteria spell out in their organization’s handbook. Evaluation forms also contains inter alia: what you are expected to do according to your job descriptions, your relationship with staff, creativity, sense of direction, delegation of duty, which will be rated as either fair, good, very good, satisfactory and excellence. All these indices hinges on employees’ performances. Though an employer compensates his employee with motivation and benefits based on job performance, there is need for job satisfaction. Every employer expects certain degree of result oriented services that would fall in line with his vision and mission while every employee demands job satisfaction. Ordinarily, the management of people at work is an integral part of the management process, put differently, managers need to understand the critical importance of people in their organizations so as to recognize that the human element and the organization are synonymous. (Tella, Adeyemi, and Popoola, 2007) Therefore, it is imperative to compensate an employee with benefits if he merits it. Cascio (2003) opines that because of the importance that compensation holds for people’s lifestyle and self-esteem, individuals are very concerned about what they are paid – a fair and competitive wage, while organizations are also concerned about what they pay because it motivates important decisions  of employees about taking a job, leaving a job and on the job performance. Compensation as a concept according to (Bernadin, 2007) refers to all forms of financial returns and tangible benefits that employee receives as part of employment relationship. Compensation as it were is divided into two parts and these are cash compensation which is the direct pay provided by employer for work performed by the employee and fringe compensation which refers to employee benefit programs. Cash compensation has two elements which include base pay and pay contingent. Base pay has to do with hourly or weekly wages plus overtime pay, shift differential and uniform allowance while pay contingent is concerned with performance allowances such as merit increases, incentive pay bonuses and gain sharing. Fringe compensation on the other hand refers to employee benefits programs. Fringe compensation also has two parts to it which are legally required benefit programs and discretional benefits. Legally required benefit programs include social security, workers compensation while discretional programs include health benefits, pension plans, paid time off, tuition reimbursement, recognition award, foreign service premiums, responsibility allowance, child care, on campus accommodation, promotion, annual increment and a host of others ( Cascio, 2003; Dessler, 2005; Bernadin,2007). Benefits, in a nutshell are the indirect financial and non-financial payments employees receive for continuing their employment with an organization. The concept of employee compensation and benefits cannot be discussed in a vacuum. Various studies have established that salaries and benefits are closely related to job satisfaction (St. Lifer, 1994); and job satisfaction can bring about motivation which in turn affects employee job performance and organizational commitment. Statement of the Problem If one turns his attention solely to academic libraries in Nigeria, it has been observed that certain compensation and benefits enjoyed by faculty lecturers are not extended to practicing academic librarians. The reason may not be farfetched in the sense that the edict that established universities has always considered the university library as a supporting unit, thus placing it and its employees as a second value. This study therefore aims at identifying those benefits and compensation enjoyed by academic staff and  denied professional libraries and its effects on librarians’ job performance and satisfaction; with a view to recommending a way out of the situation. Objectives of the Study This study seeks to achieve the following objectives: 1. To identify the various forms of benefits provided for by library employers. 2. To establish other forms of compensation that academic librarians would like to enjoy outside their salary. 3. To ascertain if there are any other types of benefits enjoyed by their counterparts within the organization that is not extended to them. 4. To establish the relationship between compensation, benefits and job satisfaction among academic librarians Reaction The findings of this study revealed that there is a relationship between employee compensation and job satisfaction as 66.75% of the participants affirmed that they are satisfied with the salary they receive. This is in agreement with St. Lifer (1994) who stated that salaries and benefits are related to job satisfaction. Even at that, 68.6% of the participants would like to be paid overtime/shifting allowance in addition to their salary while 83.3% suggested hazard allowance. However, 29.4% of the participant who probably are sectional heads suggested responsibility allowance. This may not be out of place since their counterparts in the faculty who are heads of departments receive responsibility allowance. After all, some sections of the library have the same number of personnel or more than we have in the departments. Also, the following forms of benefits as revealed by the study are enjoyed by library personnel though at a different level and various percentages. In other of their rating from Babcock University they are: health care, pension, in- service training, retirement plans, child care and conferences/workshop allowance. From University of Lagos, ratings are as follows: in- service training, annual leave, conferences and workshops, promotion, health care, pension and social security. From Lagos State University: annual increment, on campus accommodation in-service training, health care and child care. Findings revealed that insignificant number of participants benefitted from other forms of employee benefits  such as on – campus accommodation, foreign service premiums, tuition refund, reversal of wrong done and conferences/seminars. However, some of the benefits are not available at all to some of the participants. These include: social security, Foreign Service premiums, and on- campus accommodation. The study has revealed that apart from the available forms of benefits to participants, there are others enjoyed by their counterparts in the faculty which they are exempted from. This finding has shown some level of inequity in benefits within these organizations and so cannot be said to be satisfactory. After all satisfaction on a job could be motivated by the nature of the job, its pervasive social climate and extent to which workers peculiar needs are met (Tella, Ayeni, Popoola, 2007); and working condition that are similar to that of other professions in the locality (Oshagbemi, 2000). Other salient issues raised by participants ranged from exclusion from teaching course work especially that which has to do with students’ use of library which has been hijacked by faculty academic staff, to late night closing without any arrangement on how they will get to their various destinations. This exposes personnel to danger and constitutes security risk. Also some of the respondents complained of not benefitting from some of the internally generated revenue from non-degree awarding programs available in these institutions even when they are made to serve this group of users; whereas their counterparts at faculty benefit from the proceeds. Conclusion and Recommendations Compensation plays an important role in the recruitment and retention of librarians. Though librarians in academic libraries these days enjoy significant increase in their salaries and benefits that are generally provided by their parent institutions, there is still room for improvement. This study has revealed that in some universities, this group of people is denied some benefits that are being enjoyed by their counterparts in the faculty which may be as a result of the library being seen as a support unit of the university. There may be need for university policy makers to review this concept and see university libraries and librarians as integral part of the educational institution. The academic library human resource specialist should therefore set in motion strategies to address especially benefits packages available to library employers across board; as well as creating a  work environment that is appreciative of its employees and conducive to professional growth. The concept of work life balance (Switzer, 2004) which is valued by today’s library employee should be understood and embraced by library human resource specialist. High Income Earners Benefits & Compensation Case Study The Situation: Sam, age 58, and Susie, age 54 Three children living independently Two grandchildren Sam is a top executive of a large company with significant compensation and a benefits package with many options. Sam and Susie’s combined balance sheet tops $8 million, including some concentration in Sam’s employer stock. As Sam and Susie near retirement age, they want to be sure that they make the right financial decisions, particularly in regard to Sam’s company restricted stock awards and stock options. They have a number of things they want to do in retirement, including buying a second home and gifting to their children and grandchildren. They know the importance of making smart choices today to be able to meet these goals but need some direction. The Solution: Payne Wealth Partners’ professional team would start by developing a deep understanding of Sam’s compensation and benefits package including studying company documents and discussing each plan with his human resource department. Next, we would prepared a wealth plan illustrating where Sam and Susie stand today financially and what their future balance sheet may look like under different circumstances. By coordinating choices regarding Sam’s restricted stock awards and stock options — along with all of the other activity in their financial lives — we would be able to maximize the value realized from these company benefits. Additionally, we would work closely with Sam and Susie’s CPA to assure our recommended strategies were tax efficient and feasible, given their income tax picture. Our professional  team would be closely involved in developing and executing key strategies for exercising stock options. An important consideration would be Sam and Susie’s concentration in employer stock, with possible strategies designed to exit positions in a way that were efficient, yet still increased Sam and Susie’s chances of meeting their life goals. Payne Wealth Partners would be recommending an investment management program that considered their present employer stock concentration and that was accompanied by ongoing reporting permitting comparison to appropriate benchmark indexes. Their personal wealth plan would be the platform for relating Sam and Susie’s assets and earnings to their goals as it was revisited and updated over the years. Written recommendations for action items would been integral in staying focused and organized in these complex areas.

Chitral Vocational Training Case Study Essay

Case Study: Sabira Bibi Persistance and perserverence always yield results SABIRA BIBI IS FROM CHINAR VILLAGE IN MASTUJ, UPPER CHITRAL. SHE GOT MARRIED IN 1994 AT THE YOUNG AGE OF 16 TO GULISTAN KHAN WHO WAS THEN EMPLOYED IN THE CHITRAL SCOUTS. AS HER HUSBAND WAS MUCH OLDER, HE RETIRED IN 2003 BUT THEY WERE ABLE TO MEET THEIR MONTHLY EXPENSES SINCE THEY OWNED LAND. IN 2008, TRAGEDY STUCK THE FAMILY WHEN THE YARKHOON RIVER WASHED AWAY THEIR HOME AND ALL 8 KANALS OF THEIR CULTIVABLE LAND. SABIRA BIBI AND HER FAMILY MOVED IN WITH HER HUSBAND’S BROTHER BUT LIVING ON HER HUSBAND’S 5000 RUPEE PENSION WAS PROVING TO BE DIFFICULT. SABIRA BIBI FELT VERY HELPLESS AS SHE WAS NOT ABLE TO COMPLETE HER EDUCATION AND ALSO FELT THAT LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES ARE LIMITED FOR WOMEN AS THE COMMUNITY DOES NOT ACCEPT WOMEN WORKING OUTSIDE THEIR HOME. SABIRA BIBI HAS MADE SURE ALL HER DAUGHTERS ARE ENROLLED IN SCHOOL, HER ELDEST DAUGHTER IS CURRENTLY COMPLETING B. COM AND THE REST ARE IN MIDDLE AND SECONDARY SCHOOL. SHE TOLD US THEY ARE EXCELLENT IN THEIR STUDIES AND SHE WOULD LIKE ALL OF THEM TO GO TO COLLEGE. Cross stitch used to make book marks WHEN SABIRA BIBI LEARNT THAT VOCATIONAL TRAINING ON LOCAL EMBROIDERY AND HANDICRAFT PRODUCTION FOR 25 WOMEN WAS BEING OFFERED BY FIDA IN MASTUJ, SHE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE A GOOD WAY OF UTILIZING HER EXISTING SKILLS IN LOCAL EMBROIDERY. WHEN SHE INITIALLY APPLIED FOR A POSITION IN THE TRAINING HER APPLICATION WAS REJECTED AS SHE DID NOT MEET THE MINIMUM EDUCATION CRITERIA AS PARTICIPANTS WERE EXPECTED TO READ AND WRITE. SABIRA BIBI MET WITH HER LOCAL COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION MEMBERS AS SHE WAS VERY UPSET AND WANTED THEM TO  CONSIDER HER AS A SPECIAL CASE. FIDA’S TEAM THEN CALLED HER FOR A SECOND INTERVIEW AND REALIZED SHE WAS VERY SKILLED IN LOCAL EMBROIDERY. SABIRA BIBI TOOK PART IN THE ONE MONTH TRAINING AND LEARNT HOW TO USE HER EMBROIDERY SKILLS TO MAKE SMALL HANDICRAFT PRODUCTS LIKE BOOK MARKS AND PENCIL CASES. BEFORE THE TRAINING, SABIRA BIBI WAS ABLE TO MAKE TRADITIONAL BRIDAL CAPS FOR WOMEN BUT SAID IT WAS VERY TIME CONSUMING AND DIFFICULT TO SELL AS PEOPLE ONLY BOUGHT THEM FOR WEDDINGS. BY LEARNING HOW TO MAKE DIFFERENT PRODUCTS, SABIRA BIBI SAID IT WILL BE  EASIER TO ATTRACT CUSTOMERS. Bookmarks made during the training Sabira bibi receiving her certificate from the trainer Sabira bibi told us ‘I am hopeful to generate enough income to pay for my children’s education and save for building our own home. I will always pray for FIDA’s success. It is one of only organization’s that is selecting people based on merit and I was able to explore my talent through them and am thankful to my community organization for providing me with such an opportunity. † Mobile pouches made during the training.

Watch movie and answer question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Watch movie and answer question - Assignment Example In respect to the current food policies, they are entitled to food stamps. The food stamps are vouchers that can only be used to buy food. However, they are not endowed as the requirements stipulated. The amounts provided are insufficient to cater for their food needs and sometimes they go without food. Notable is a significant difference between what the individuals are entitled to and what they get. The gap is the primary cause of hunger for Rosie and Barbie. It is a bit difficult to identify individuals who suffer from hunger in America. This is associated with the fact that many have access to food, although not on a routine basis, but they do have a meal quite often. With such access, they do not look malnourished, which is usually an indicator of hunger. People have been depending on charitable food programs which have been forthcoming over time. Thus, they are not malnourished and becomes hard to pinpoint such people. I tend to disagree with Sen. This is simply because the famine that is being experienced in the United States has taken a different form from the traditional known form which was lack of food. The current famine being experiences in the spiraling of food prices to levels such that many cannot afford to buy. Also, poverty levels are on a high, thus even with food in stalls; people cannot afford it. The challenge of hunger is solvable. It requires the United States to make the provision of healthy and nutritious food a priority and also educate the masses on healthy eating behavior. On the long run, every citizen in the country will not only have access to food, but it will be available at low prices. Therefore, the government should implement and adopt policies that are geared towards bringing down the cost of food, making healthy and nutritious food available to all and providing food to those who cannot afford

Argumentative research paper on abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argumentative research paper on abortion - Essay Example gues that what should be socially acceptable as a reason for a woman to pursue abortion should be limited to those like rape, as abortion should be regarded as the last resort for birth control, or not to make it as a resort at all. As apparent in the Anti-abortion law campaign in South Dakota, abortion has been viewed as the last resort for unwanted pregnancies. To some, the extent of granting abortion to women should only include the cases where women where victims of rape or incest. â€Å"Supporters countered that the law would allow doctors to protect the lives of pregnant women with medical problems. They also argued that rape and incest victims would be protected by a provision that says nothing in the abortion ban would prevent women from getting emergency contraceptives up to the point a pregnancy could be determined.†Ã¢â‚¬â€on South Dakota anti-abortion law campaign, from USA Today. To make abortion the last resort for birth control stems from these people’s stand that there are a number of different contraceptives available. However, this is a naà ¯ve assumption that contraceptives are 100% effective. Banning abortion means limiting women’s right to control their fertility. While there are limited acceptable reasons for allowing abortion to happen, this results in a lot of unwanted pregnancies that result into forced motherhood. On the other hand, pro-choice movements argue that abortion is relevant to women as it reinforces the right of women to control their fertility. This leads to the concept of making motherhood a choice, which when being related to restricting the acceptability of reasons for abortion to those like rape, means encouragement of forced motherhood. â€Å"Abortion is a crucial backstop for contraception, it’s the birth control method of last resort. It’s impossible for women to really control their fertility without access to abortion because no contraceptive is 100% effective, and because women can’t always access birth control

Marketing Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Marketing Planning - Essay Example 1.1 Product Introduction Mount Franklin is pure spring water without adding any flavour into the water, which is taken from beneath the ground, travelling through layers of the rock of three natural sources in Australia. In addition to competing with bottled water, Mount Franklin also competes with other non-alcoholic beverages. Despite the presence of competition and substitute products, the market remains attractive due to strong growth in demand, barrier to entry, lack of bargaining power of suppliers, favorable customers’ preference of bottled water over other types of beverages and CCA’s competitive advantage in distribution (Coca-Cola Amatil Ltd., 2003). The objectives of this marketing plan is to improve the market position of Mount Franklin by growing the demand for bottled water and improving Mount Franklin’s image over its competitors. However, there are issues which need to be addressed e.g. cannibalisation of other products produced by CCA and negativ e publicity from overseas. To achieve the stated objective, both offensive and defensive strategies will be discussed. Offensive strategies will be used to grow market share, customer purchase and market demand while defensive strategies will be used to protect current market position. 2. ... These beverages are bottled in plastic, glass or else canned in aluminium for sale to wholesalers and retailers. Mount Franklin spring water is available in many stores such as convenience stores, food court, take away outlets, supermarkets and vending machines. The major players involved in this industry are Coca-Cola Amatil Limited (CCA), Cadbury Schweppes Australia Limited, Berri Limited and Golden Circle Limited (CCA, 2004). In Australia, soft drink industry is a large industry with over $3 billion annual turnover and employs a substantial number of workers as shown in table 1. The major group of consumers who drink the bottled water are young people, singles, and couples especially female aged between 14 to 35 years (Australasian Bottled Water Institute, 2004 a ). In bottled water category, the CCA share has increased from 15% to 35% in the previous 18 months. Per capita consumption of its brands, ‘Mount Franklin’, the market leader, ‘pump’ and ‘N everfail’ has been growing (Australasian Bottled Water Institute, 2004 a ). 2.2 External: Market Analyses Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Rivalry among existing firms The industry could be considered as oligopoly. There are five major companies which account for more than 80% of the market share. Each of the major companies holds more than 1% of the market share and seeks to improve the share position. In addition, there are numerous companies which are local and international companies that compete in this industry. Thus, there is intense rivalry within the industry. Barrier to entry Although there is no regulation that prevents a company from entering soft drink industry, barrier to entry remains significant. Brand awareness is crucial

Social work methods work with families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Social work methods work with families - Essay Example Murdoch adds that a family stays in a common household, shares economic interdependency, and is involved in sexual and reproductive relations (Lamanna & Riedmann 4). Today however, a lot of societal changes have occurred that the definition of a family has likewise evolved (Lamanna & Riedmann 5). Family members do not have to be bound by legal marriage, consanguinity, or adoption. The family now includes commuter couples, no custodial parents, parents with adult children living elsewhere, extended kin such as aunts and uncles, and adult siblings and stepsiblings. The emphasis has been placed on spontaneity, individuality and intimacy rather than the customary heterosexual married-couple social roles. In fact, federal regulations have now qualified unmarried low-income heterosexual and homosexual couple as families and have consequently allowed them to live in public housing. Some courts have considered unmarried heterosexual gay or lesbian couples, elderly people and their caregivers, institutionalized handicapped people living together and even co-resident groups of students as families (Lamanna & Riedmann 6). Furthermore, single-parent households and childless unions are also considered families. With this, the family could be any number of people as long as they are bound together by feelings of love and care for each other (Aymer). In the workplace, specifically in San Francisco and New York, special privileges have been granted to families with domestic partners who may not be married but share each other’s lives in a committed relationship and in the expenses of daily living (Bishop qtd. in Lamanna & Riedmann 10). On the other hand, these changes in the family set-up are consequences of the challenges that families have encountered in the past decades. The family has been bombarded by a lot of problems that have adversely affected the very purpose for which it was

Contract Administration and Change Issues Term Paper

Contract Administration and Change Issues - Term Paper Example This is significant as it gives them the right to deal with contract changes as they deem them appropriate. They also approve the use of experts. Additionally, the right to terminate contracts reduces chances of conflicts and lawsuits where there is the likelihood of disagreement. Government contracting binds the terms of the contract between the contractors and the contracting officers as employees of the government, contracting officers and administrators ensure that contracts are run smoothly as per the agreed terms, while at the same time safeguarding the interests of America (Department of State Foreign Affairs, 2012). The officers and administrators ensure that funds are available for procurement and contract activities. GAO investigated the department of energy due to the high costs involved in them. With the responsibility of ensuring that there is adequate use of resources, with calls for lower government spending, then effective monitoring of costs achieves this purpose. Contract schedules identify the activities to be carried out in the contract agreement; it spells out the time for the completion of the activities in a chronological order. Adequate allocation of the available resources is also required to avoid unnecessary delays in contract implementation. Contract activities are then linked together to produce the overall schedule of activities, this, ensures that there is no duplication of activities. Another essential part is estimating the shortest time in which the contract can be completed; this follows the individual time of the activities. There is a need for analysis of the risk factors inherent in the contract, which may delay its completion. An improvement of the methods used in scheduling leads to a better estimate of the time required and the cost involved. Revenue flows can be better projected using the time

Cola Wars Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cola Wars - Case Study Example In the 21st century, Coke and Pepsi face the new era trying to ascertain if the wars would still continue on the ‘cola’ products and ultimately discern the location of their future battlefield. External scanning of Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola The case is designed to specifically address the following concerns: a) Why, historically, has the soft-drink industry been so profitable? A discussion of the US soft drink industry revealed that the soft drink industry was actually pioneered with the invention of Coke in 1886 and Pepsi in 1893. Both companies captured the taste of the American public in their ability to quench the thirst of their target markets through the innovatively concocted carbonated drinks. These companies’ product life cycles rationalize the profitability during their historical growth, from the introductory stage, to growth and maturity. During the introductory to growth stages, more and more people who were able to try their CSDs recognized the abilit y of the product to satisfy consumers’ needs: quenching thirst, building relationships, sharing moments, and socializing, among others. Case facts revealed that the historical consumption of CSD have continued to exhibit increasing trend since the 1970s when 23 gallons were consumed by the Americans annually and rose substantially to 52.3 gallons per year by 2004 (Case facts: Exhibit 1, p. 16). The increase in consumption reveals continued increase in demand for CSDs that validate and rationalize the profitability of the soft drink industry. In fact, due to the prolific demand for Coke during its introductory stage, several trademark infringements were legally tried in court attesting to the lure of high profit potentials of the CSD business. Further, expansion into other countries significantly contributed to financial success and enhanced brand awareness and recall on a global scale. Other factors that contributed to the profitability of the soft drink industry were the reg ular updates and design of strategies that innovate the images of both Coke and Pepsi. By designing new product alternatives, advertisements and promotional campaigns, and distribution outlets and strategies, more varieties were offered to the consumers and price off discounts enabled more people to avail of the products at cheaper prices. By offering product alternatives, such as the diet sodas, consumers were receiving benefits in terms of consuming less sugar in their sodas. In addition, the strategies of working to improve â€Å"system profitability† by concerted efforts of concentrate makers and bottlers enabled the soft drink industry to revitalize and retain financial success. Finally, when the demand for CSD reportedly reached a plateau in the US market, both Coke and Pepsi scanned international markets for their products. As emphasized in the case, â€Å"waging the cola wars in non-U.S. markets enabled Coke and Pepsi not only to expand revenue, but also to broaden t heir base of innovation† (Case Facts: Internationalizing the Cola Wars, p. 15). The secret to the profitability of the soft drink industry therefore lies in innovating the 4Ps in marketing: product, price, promotion and place and ensure entrenched leadership on a global scale. Further, the application of strategies in their respective advertising campaigns has

Local Literature Essay Example for Free

Local Literature Essay Personality is the sum of one’s personal characteristics. It is one’s identity. The teachers, more than any other professional are momentarily subjected to scrutiny to the minutest detail and observation by those they associate with. Teachers are judged more strictly than the other professionals. The personality they project determined the impressions they make upon students’ and colleagues. Their poise, bearing and manner of dressing create a stunning and attractive appearance. Their facial expression communicates a friendly and amiable disposition. Personalities may be described as authoritative, weak, dynamic, or â€Å"magnetic†. Teachers’ personality must be natural and genuine, that is, devoid of pretenses and artificiality. They must be consistent, true and authentic. (Corpuz Salandanan, 2006 p.12) In the highly complex world of human relations, it is essential that the conscientious teachers be concerned not only with how students’ interact with her but how they interact with their peers and with other adults. But concern is not enough. Little can be accomplished until students’ problems pertaining to human relations have been identified. (Salandanan, 2010 p.18) Once the teachers is more aware with the social relationships among her students’ she is in the better position to select a technique for teaching human relations. Toward this end, the teacher must first identify students’ problems pertaining to human relations. The identification such problem gives the teacher a basis for considering what techniques for improving human relations she might employ. (â€Å"Teaching techniques for improving human relations†, p.459 n.d) No single factor can contribute more to an improved student achievement than the guarantee of a quality teacher in every classroom. No amount of classroom facilities and instructional materials can produced the desired learning outcome without a teacher at the center stage. Quality is synonymous to competence, creativity and commitment, contextualized in the teaching profession. Competence highlights a teacher’s adequate knowledge, proficient skills and trustworthiness. Creativity is a kin to originality,  flexibility and innovativeness. Worthwhile values of compassion and commitment provide the fine ingredients that make teaching truly humane and enriched with a sincere feeling of accountability. Quality teachers’ can be found in our schools today. Adequately prepared through quality pre-service programs and continually motivated to grow while in the service, their competence to teach is assured. The attitudes and values that they project in and out of the classrooms, in the home and community, provide positively and satisfactorily the answer to the perennial search for quality teachers. As paragons of virtues and progressive attitudes, they truly deserve the priceless rewards, recognition and emulation of the whole nation. With full pride and confidence, every parent and community can lay upon their chests the growth and nurturance of their sons and daughters for a promising future. (â€Å"Quality teacher†, p.7-11 n.d) The teacher rightfully deserves to be enthroned at the center stage of any educational endeavor. She is the distinct ray of light that illumines the mind touches the heart and buoys aloft the spirit of the young. Every effort, initiative or enterprise aimed to educating the young needs a magic hand to provide the much-needed direction, guidance and energy throughout the educational journey. Assuming a number of roles that a leader, counselor, assistant and instructional manager, there is no task that demands more waking hours, strength and attention than the teaching-learning episode. Competent teachers produce competent students. The desire to grow and learn more and more is vital to the development of an exceptional proficiency and capability needed in the teaching profession. As a concluding statement, a definitive teacher personality is a picture of one who possesses outstanding mental, personal and social traits. Has a strong aptitude and interest in teaching the young, steep in worthwhile values and attitudes and competent in both content and teaching methodologies. The teacher with a definitive personality is bound to reach the minds and touch the hearts of the young. (Aquino, 2008 p. 35-38) Travis W. Twiford, Chair Mary E. Yakimowski-Srebnick Steven M. Janosik Louis O. Tonelson Stephen Parson (2012) â€Å"The Influence of Teaching Methods on Student Achievement on Virginia’s End of Course Standards of Learning Test for Algebra I† Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Virginia Beach, Virginia. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062002-202857/unrestricted/HAASDISSERTATION.PDF SYED SHAFQAT ALI SHAH (2009) IMPACT OF TEACHER’S BEHAVIOUR ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. University Institute of Education and Research. Rawalpindi, Pakistan. http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Thesis/293S.pdf Amy C. Thomason (2011) TEACHER PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS: CONTRIBUTIONS TO EMOTIONAL SUPPORT AND BEHAVIOR GUIDANCE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD CLASSROOMS. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. North Carolina. http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Thomason_uncg_0154D_10586.pdf Chang, Ya-Ching, Students’ Perceptions of Teaching Styles and Use of Learning Strategies. Masters Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/782 Sylvie Marguerite Raymond (2008).Effective and Ineffective University Teaching from the Students’ and Faculty’s Perspectives: Matched or Mismatched Expectations. University of Exeter. Doctor of Education. https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/40767/RaymondS.pdf?sequence=1 Jeffrey Sprenger (n.d).STRESS AND COPING BEHAVIORS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS. Health Education and Promotion. http://thescholarship.ecu.edu/bitstream/handle/10342/3548/Sprenger_ecu_0600M_10405.pdf?sequence=1 UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Abejuela R., almeniana C., Caballero J., Gomez N., Salles M. (2007). Teaching Beliefs and Teaching Intentions of Daycare Teachers. College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Acuà ±a L., Gadia M., Gaspar R., Rodrigo J., (2008). Academic achievement of selected education students involved in extracurricular activities. College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Aguilar A., Basibas K., Castillo R., Cruz M., Pontiyon A., et al (2007).Non-intellective factors affecting the Academic Performance of Freshman High School Students in Mathematics at Sta. Lucia High School.School year 2006-2007.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Balle M., Feraaro L., Guinto J., Palaming I., Umali C. (2011).Level of Social Skills and Academic Achievement of Selected Grade II Pupil. College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Banzuela R., Pumas M., Peckson W. (2006).Self-Conceptand Academic Performance in Mathematics of Selected Pinagbuhatan High School Freshmen.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Barreno C., Casuga M., Intalan P., Ocampo D., (2007).Motivation on Teaching among First Year Bachelor of Elementary Education Students. College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Bartolome J., Borlagdatan M., Cinco A. and Tumonog L., (2013).Teaching Strategies of Secondary Mathematics Teachers in Elementary Algebra and its Relation in the Performance of the Students.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Benito G., De leon M., Baga R., (2004).Teachers morale and work motivation at Pasig Central Elementary School Pasig City.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Calià ±go J., Laguitan L., Nagales M. and Tingson S., (2006). â€Å"The Relationship between the Self-Esteem and Achievement Motivation of selected College Freshmen. College of education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Castillo A., Santos K., Beltran L., Dueà ±as J., Ibardo I. (2006).â€Å"The relationship between Students Learning Styles and their Expectation of Relationship with Faculty.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Conise C., Rivera M., Vinarao M. (2008). 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Hypocritical Holden Essay Example for Free

Hypocritical Holden Essay Hypocrisy is found in all of us. Many of us have things about ourselves that we don’t want to share with others, and try to hide; perhaps we are trying to hide our hypocrisy. In The Catcher in the Rye, J. D. Salinger expresses through Holden Caulfield that hypocrisy results from not being able to connect with others. Although Holden accuses others of being phony, in reality, Holden is a phony himself and as a result of his hypocrisy, he is unable to connect with others, suggesting that to connect with others one must be able to accept other people’s flaws. Holden defines others as phonies because he is critical and has a negative utlook on the world and the people in it. When Holden makes observations of other people he often defines them as phony. For example, when Holden goes to the movies he observes a lady sitting next to him who is crying during the movie, â€Å"The part that got me was, there was a lady sitting next to me that cried all through the goddam picture. The phonier it got, the more she cried†¦ she had this little kid with her that was bored as hell and had to go to the bathroom but she wouldn’t take him†¦ You take somebody that cries their goddam eyes out over phony stuff in the movies, and nine times out of ten they’re mean bastards at heart.  I’m not kidding† (181). Holden thinks that the woman crying is a phony because she is emotional about a movie which is fake, yet she does not feel bad for the kid who is sitting next to her in real life, who has to go to the bathroom. A woman crying at a movie is what Holden observes and defines as phony behavior. Holden’s negative outlook on the world and the people in it just pushes Holden farther and farther away from people. He is isolating himself. In addition, Holden thinks some words or phrases are phony. When Holden is talking on the phone with a girl he knows, Sally, who says something that Holden thinks is phony. â€Å"I’d love to. Grand. † Grand. If there’s one word I hate, it’s grand. It’s so phony†(106). Holden thinks that the word grand is phony, which may be true to Holden; although the more energy he spends on pointing out â€Å"phonies† the more isolated and unhappy he becomes. Holden is a hypocrite because he is sometimes aware that he is being a phony himself. Holden thinks that he needs to hide his true self from people in order to â€Å"survive†. When Holden is out at Ernie’s and meets up with a girl he knows, Lillian, Holden says something to the Navy guy who was with Lillian that Holden considers phony. Holden addresses the reader, â€Å"I’m always saying â€Å"Glad to’ve met you† to somebody I’m not at all glad I met. If you want to stay alive, you have to say that stuff, though† (87). Holden lies to the navy guy, and also says that he lies to other people when saying this phrase. Although Holden is acting phony, and therefore hypocritical, he is aware of it. He acts phony because he is afraid that sharing his true self with others will interfere with him connecting with others; Holden thinks that he will turn people away because he is different. Holden is different because he is critical, and also eeply caring and emotional. Holden is trying to act like a regular guy so people will like him and be willing to talk with him. Holden is striving to make a connection with someone; anyone. He is just looking for anyone to talk to and make a connection with, but he is afraid to open up to them. Holden tries to fit in with others by being phony when in reality, he hates how most people act. Holden tries not to show his hatred of phonies because then, people would soon realize that Holden is a phony himself. At Ernie’s when Holden meets up with the navy guy, introduced to him by Lillian, Holden hares his true thoughts about the navy guy’s actions with the reader. Holden says, â€Å"He was one of those guys that think they’re being a pansy if they don’t break around forty of your fingers when they shake hands with you. God, I hate that stuff† (86-87). Holden doesn’t like the expectations put on men to act tough; this makes Holden feel insecure. Holden feels that he must hide that he is caring and emotional by being phony. In addition, Holden is sometimes unaware that he is being phony. For example, when he asks his taxi driver Horwitz a question, Holden is unaware that he is being phony. â€Å"Hey, Horwitz,† I said. â€Å"You ever pass by the lagoon in central park? Down by central park south? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Well, you know the ducks that swim around in it? In the springtime and all? Do you happen to know where they go in the wintertime, by any chance (81)? †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Holden asks Horwitz where the ducks go in the winter time because he is unknowingly comparing his situation to the ducks in the lagoon; Holden wants to know where he goes now that it is â€Å"winter time† and his lagoon, Pencey prep, has frozen. Throughout the book, Holden struggles to find a place where he belongs. He also strives to connect with people. Holden is reluctant to share his true self with people. Asking Horwitz where the ducks go is one of Holden’s â€Å"phony† attempts at making a connection with someone. When Holden acts phony, he shields his true self from people which keeps him from connecting with others. Holden dislikes phonies, and he often criticizes people for being phony, although Holden acts phony himself because he is insecure about himself, which leads to Holden acting phony. J. D. Salinger expresses through Holden that when trying to connect with others, one must act like themselves. Hypocrisy is often inevitable; all of us exhibit hypocrisy.