Thailand Highways Management Project Essay - 6796 Words

Thailand Highways Management Project (P075173) Group 3 1. Praphop Anantakoon St101942 2. Lam Quynh Tho St102016 3. Phan Thanh Nga St102056 4. Trinh Thi Kim Phuong St102015 5. Nguyen Thuy Hang St102062 6. Probal Dutta St101941 SOM, May 2005 TABLE OF CONTENT I - INTRODUCTION: 3 1.The rationale of the study. 3 2.The Project Background. 3 2.1. The Project Information: 3 2.2. The Project Organization: 3 II - THE PROJECT DESCRIPTION.. 4 1. The Project Logframe. 4 2.The Project Work Breakdown Structure. 8 3.The Project Cost Estimation. 9 4.The Project†¦show more content†¦2.The Project Background ------------------------ 2.1. The Project Information: The Thailand Highways Management Project (coded as P075173) is a big project covering three sectors, i.e., road and highways (80%), sub-national government administration (20%), throughout the northern areas of Thailand. It is sponsored mainly by the World Bank, accounting for 58% of the total investment capital, and with the counterpart fund presenting for 20% of the USD 146.39 total amount from the Royal Thai Government (hereunder mentioned to as RTG). This total amount is invested disbursed in a 5-year period for four majour programs implemented by the Department of Highways (hereunder referred to as DOH), Ministry of Transportation. 2.2. The Project Organization: DOH is government agency responsible for building and maintaining the national highways network around the country. DOH delegates the work to engineer department. Within the Department, each engineer is responsible for several supervisory works of the road construction and rehabilitation program including the work coordination with the ProjectShow MoreRelatedRice Pledging Schemes1363 Words   |  5 PagesThai Agricultural policies: Rice pledging scheme Thailand is among one of the most suitable regions on earth for agricultural industry. 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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Use of Technolgy for a Cure Research Proposal

Essays on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Use of Technolgy for a Cure Research Proposal The paper "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Use of Technolgy for a Cure" is an excellent example of a research proposal on medical science. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder refers to the conditions that individuals experience when they have exposed to one or more harrowing events, which includes fighting in a war, accidents, threat to death and sexual assault. Fear and powerlessness are attributed to this condition. In most cases, the diagnosis is administered when the symptoms recur over a month upon the occurrences of the event (Thomas, 2008). The purpose of this study is to examine research questions and hypotheses on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among adolescents and the use of technology for a cure. It is imperative to note that, technology, in this case, involves the use of the traumatic stressors, which incorporates internet, and computer-based treatments, which include virtual reality treatments. Research questions and relevant Statement of Hypotheses   Research question 1: What are the traumatic and universal stressors that are attributed to the increased symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among adolescents? Hypothesis I: The youth reports primary life stressors that do not meet DSM-IV criterion A1 for PTSD, will report an equivalent figure of indicators of PTSD comparable to the youth exposed to stressors not meeting the DSM-IV criterion A1 (Thomas, 2008). Research Question 2: What kinds of stressors and life experience that distinguishes the youth who give clinically fundamental signs of PTSD in the nonexistence of a certified traumatic stressor? Hypothesis II: The youth reports primary life stressors that involve key disruptions of family associations or loss of a close acquaintance will give a report of a higher figure of PTSD signs comparable with the youth who report other significant life stressors. Hypothesis III: The present DSM-IV PTSD standard AI for traumatic stressors that needs specific fear of death or grave injury will envisage augmented sum sign report of the past six or so months PTSD among the adolescents who are exposed to the traumatic stressors under the virtual reality treatment (Thomas, 2008). Hypothesis IV: Adolescents of relatively younger age exposed to Potential Traumatic Stressors (PTS) will have a higher possibility of exposure comparable to their older counterparts on the same kind of stressor to certify fear of grave injury or death relative to the stressors (Thomas, 2008). Hypothesis V: The youth repeatedly exposed to potentially traumatic stressors of a vicious form will give a report of the immense overall figure of PTSD signs comparable to youth exposed to an individual traumatic stressor of an aggressive form. Hypothesis VI: The youth exposed to virtual reality traumatic human stressors are expected to report more signs of PTSD comparable with their counterparts exposed to natural traumatic stressors.

Economy in Tibet Free Essays

Economy Since the democratic reform in 1959, and especially since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, Tibet has witnessed remarkable economic development. The Tibetan economy is dominated by subsistence agriculture. The Tibetan yak still plays an important role in Tibetan life. We will write a custom essay sample on Economy in Tibet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yaks still promote the best way to plow fields in Tibet. The Tibetan economy is dominated by subsistence agriculture. Due to limited arable land, the primary occupation of the Tibetan Plateau is raising livestock, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, yaks, horses and some crops such as barley, buckwheat, wheat, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Development Zone The State Council approved Tibet Lhasa Economic and Technological Development Zone as a state-level development zone in 2001. It is located in the western suburbs of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. It is a flat zone, ideal for construction services , and it has the natural conditions for good drainage. Source: http://www. starmass. com/china_review/provincial_overview/tibet_demographic_economy. htm Tibet demographic analysis and economy overview The service sector plays an important role in Tibet’s economy growth. This is because in 2007, more than half (55%) of the provincial GDP is derived from the service industries. Tourism plays a crucial role to the province’s economic growth. Newly emerging service sectors such as modern commerce, tourism, posts and telecommunications, catering, cultural entertainment and information technology have also been developing rapidly. The construction sector contributes 21% to the provincial GDP, agricultural sector 16% and manufacturing contributes the least- 8% to the total GDP GDP While traditional agricultural work and animal husbandry continue to lead the area’s economy, in 2005 the tertiary sector contributed more than half of its GDP growth, the first time it surpassed the area’s primary industry. Rich reserves of natural resources and raw materials have yet to lead to the creation of a strong secondary sector, due in large part to the province’s inhospitable terrain, low population density, an underdeveloped infrastructure and the high cost of extraction Tibet’s GDP in 2008 reached 39. 6 billion Yuan. The Chinese government says that it exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet’s government expenditure. Critics say that the central government is stripping Tibetan resources and neglecting the welfare of Tibetan people. Tibet’s economy has grown on average 15% per year from 2000 to 2006. http://news. xinhuanet. com/english/2009-03/30/content_11098888. htm Report on economic and social development of Tibet www. chinaview. cn 2009-03-30 10:22:48 Source: http://www. starmass. com/china_review/provincial_overview/tibet_demographic_economy. tm Tibet demographic analysis and economy overview The GDP per capita reached 13. 861 Yuan in 2008 for the first time in Tibet’s history. GDP reached 39,5 billion Yuan in 2008. In the first six months of 2008, economic growth in Tibet was halved after the Lhasa riots (a series of riots, protests, and demonstrations that started in the capital of Lhasa and sprea d to other Tibetan areas and a number of monasteries including outside the Tibet Autonomous Region. The violence was mostly directed at Han and Hui civilians). The Lhasa riots led to a slump in tourism and consumption. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities. (Philipois) China has invested 310  billion yuan (about 45. 6  billion U. S. dollars) in Tibet since 2001. Industry There was no modern industry or infrastructure before the 1950s With some adjustments, the value of industrial output rose again in the late 1980s. Moreover, as in the rest of China, the ownership structure of industrial enterprises in the TAR also experienced a major change. In 2007, for a â€Å"gross industrial output value† totalling 5,044 million yuan, 33,1  % came from state enterprises, 5. 6  % from collectively-owned enterprises and 61. 3  % from â€Å"others† (private companies, joint ventures and foreign companies). Thus, private enterprise is now the main source of growth in industrial production. Commerce (traditional handicrafts, carpets etc) tourism, catering, leisure and other industries that had never been heard of in old Tibet, are now booming as the primary industries in the region. Prospects for Growth and Development Although Tibet’s society and economy were affected by the March14 Incident in 2008, the impact on most local industries was limited, except for temporary difficulties for tourism in Tibet. In the next few years, Tibet’s economy is expected to maintain sound and rapid development in virtue of favorable factors such as increasing investment and transfer payments from the central government, rising income level of farmers and herdsmen, and burgeoning consumption by local residents. Slides (Philips, just in case you want to use this map†¦ I think it`s a good one) Slide 1: Economy in Tibet Democratic reform in 1959 and reform and opening-up policy in 1978: remarkable economic development in Tibet. Traditionally dominated by subsistence agriculture. Due to limited arable land, the primary occupation of the Tibetan Plateau is raising livestock, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, yaks, horses and some crops such as barley, buckwheat, wheat, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Slide 2: Yaks still promote the best way to plow fields in Tibet. Slide 3: Development Zone The State Council approved Tibet Lhasa Economic and Technological Development Zone as a state-level development zone in 2001. Location: in the western suburbs of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Flat zone Construction services Natural conditions for good drainage. Slide 4: Tibet`s GDP Industry: no modern industry or infrastructure before the 1950s With some adjustments, the value of industrial output rose again in the late 1980s. Nowadays private enterprise is the main source of growth in industrial production. Newly emerging service sectors: modern commerce, tourism, posts and telecommunications, catering, cultural entertainment and information technology have also been developing rapidly. Tourism: essential for the economic growth. Source: http://www. starmass. com/china_review/provincial_overview/tibet_demographic_economy. htm – Tibet demographic analysis and economy overview Slide 5: Economic Growth and GDP Tibet’s GDP in 2008 reached 39. 6 billion Yuan. Tibet’s economy has grown on average 15% per year from 2000 to 2008. In the first six months of 2008, economic growth in Tibet was negatively affected by Lhasa riots. Source: http://news. xinhuanet. com/english/2009-03/30/content_11098888. htm – Report on economic and social development of Tibet Slide 6 China has invested 310  billion yuan (about 45. 6  billion U. S. dollars) in Tibet since 2001. The GDP per capita reached 15. 000 Yuan in 2009. Source: http://www. starmass. com/china_review/provincial_overview/tibet_demographic_economy. htm – Tibet demographic analysis and economy overview I COULDN`T FIND ANY GOOD VIDEOS†¦ http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=_xkzjvx7SzE;feature=related How to cite Economy in Tibet, Essay examples

Edgar Alan Poe Biography Essay Example For Students

Edgar Alan Poe Biography Essay The Life Of Edgar Alan Poea Biography1809 1849 He gained some fame from the publication in 1845 of a dozen stories as well as ofThe Raven and Other Poems, and he enjoyed a few months of calm as a respected criticand writer. After his wife died in 1847, however, his life began to unravel even faster as hemoved about from city to city, lecturing and writing, drinking heavily, and courting severalolder women. Just before marrying one, he died in Baltimore after being foundsemiconscious in a tavern possibly from too much alcohol, although it is a myth that hewas a habitual drunkard and drug addict. Admittedly a failure in most areas of his personal life, he was recognized as anunusually gifted writer and was admired by Dostoevsky and Baudelaire, even if not alwaysappreciated by many of his other contemporaries. Master of symbolism and the macabre,he is considered to be the father of the detective story and a stepfather of science fiction,and he remains one of the most timeless and extr aordinary of all American creative artists. Edgar Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 19, 1809, the second ofthe three children of David Poe and Elizabeth (Arnold) Poe, both of whom wereprofessional actors and members of a touring theatrical company. Eclipsed by his morefamous wife, his own promising career ruined by alcoholism, Poes father deserted thefamily when Edgar was still an infant; nothing conclusive is known of his life thereafter. While appearing professionally in Richmond, Virginia, Poes mother became ill and died onDecember 8, 1811, at the age of twenty-four. Her three children, who wouldmaintain contact with one another throughout their lives, were sent to live with differentfoster families. Edgar became the ward of John Allan, a successful tobacco merchant inRichmond, and his wife Frances, who had no children of their own. Although neverformally adopted by them, Poe regarded the couple, especially Mrs. Allan, as parents, andhe took their surname as his own middle name. In 1815, business reasons led Allan tomove to England for what would be a five-year stay. Both in London and then inRichmond after the familys return, Poe was well educated in private academies. In 1825,he became secretly engaged to a girl named Elmira Royster. The engagement, opposed byboth families, was subsequently broken off. In 1826, Poe entered the University of Virginia, newly founded by formerPresident Thomas Jefferson. He distinguis hed himself as a student, but he also took todrinking, and he amassed gambling debts of $2,000, a significant amount of money at thetime, which John Allan, although he had recently inherited a fortune, refused to honor. After quarreling with Allan, Poe left Richmond in March 1827 and sailed to Boston,where, in relatively short order, he enlisted in the United States Army (under the nameEdgar A. Perry, and claiming to be four years older than his actual age of eighteen) andpublished a pamphlet called Tamerlane and Other Poems, whose author was cited on thetitle page only as a Bostonian. This little book did not sell at all, but its few survivingcopies are among the most highly prized items in the rare-book market; one accidentallydiscovered copy, bought for a dollar, was recently auctioned for $150,000. Poes militarycareer went more successfully. After two years, he had been promoted to sergeant major,the highest noncommissioned rank. He was honorably discharged in 1829, and decided toseek an appointment to West Point in the hope of becoming a career commissionedofficer. He entered West Point in May of 1830, but chafed under the regimen and, afterdeliberately missing classes, roll-calls, and compulso ry chapel attendance, was expelled inJanuary 1831. He gained some fame from the publication in 1845 of a dozen stories as well as ofThe Raven and Other Poems, and he enjoyed a few months of calm as a respected criticand writer. After his wife died in 1847, however, his life began to unravel even faster as hemoved about from city to city, lecturing and writing, drinking heavily, and courting severalolder women. Just before marrying one, he died in Baltimore after being foundsemiconscious in a tavern possibly from too much alcohol, although it is a myth that hewas a habitual drunkard and drug addict. Admittedly a failure in most areas of his personal life, he was recognized as anunusually gifted writer and was admired by Dostoevsky and Baudelaire, even if not alwaysappreciated by many of his other contemporaries. Master of symbolism and the macabre,he is considered to be the father of the detective story and a stepfather of science fiction,and he remains one of the most timeless and extraordinary of all American creative artists. In 1829, Poe had published a second collection of verse, which attracted littlemore attention than its predecessor. A third volume, funded through contributions fromfellow cadets, appeared in 1831. Among its contents was To Helen, which had beeninspired by Jane Stanard, the mother of one his Richmond schoolmates. Poe referred toher as the first, purely ideal love of my soul. Also in 1831, Poe went to Baltimore, wherehe moved in with his widowed aunt Maria Clemm, his fathers sister, who was to be themost deeply devoted of his several mother-figures, and her eight-year-old daughterVirginia. It was in this period that he began to achieve wider recognition as a writer. In1832, he published five tales in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier. In 1833, he entered acompetition sponsored by the Baltimore Saturday Visiter (sic), winning the second prize inpoetry for The Coliseum and the first prize in fiction for MS. Found in a Bottle. In1834, the publication of The Visionary in Godeys Ladys Book marked the first timethat his fiction appeared in a magazine of more than local circulation. Frances Allan had died in February 1829, and John Allan, who was by this timepermanently alienated from Poe, had remarried in October 1830. On Allans death in 1834,Poe received nothing. Effectively disinherited, unsuited for business or the military, Poeturned to journalism, the one avenue likely to afford a successful career to someone of his interests and abilities. Through therecommendation of the novelist John Pendleton Kennedy, who had been one of the judgesof the Saturday Visiter contest, Poe began in March 1835 to contribute short fiction andbook reviews to the Richmond-based Southern Literary Messenger. In a period ofAmerican literature not notable for them, Poe exhibited coherent aesthetic principles andhigh critical standards, and within months his vigorous and uncompromising reviewsbegan to increase the Messengers circulation and t o enhance its reputation, prompting itspublisher to make Poe his principal book reviewer and editorial assistant. By the end ofthe year, Poe, who had moved to Richmond with Virginia and Mrs. Clemm, was namededitor in chief. In May of 1836, he secretly married Virginia, his first cousin, who was thennot quite fourteen years of age. .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e , .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .postImageUrl , .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e , .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e:hover , .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e:visited , .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e:active { border:0!important; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e:active , .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3369dcb6e748580ad3237755f667878e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Of Salesman (4885 words) EssayDissatisfied both with his salary and with limits on his editorial independence, heresigned from the Southern Literary Messenger in January 1837. Struggling to supportVirginia and Mrs. Clemm through freelance writing, he moved his family first to NewYork and then to Philadelphia as he sought another editorial position. Despite financialdifficulties, Poe was able in this period to advance his own writing career, publishingreviews, poems, and especially fiction in various journals and in several volumes. In 1839,he began to write regularly for Thomas Burtons Gentlemans Magazine, contributing afeature article and a number of book reviews ea ch month. Once again, Poes editorshipbrought dramatic advances in both quality and circulation, but he was dismissed from thisposition in June 1840 after once again quarreling with his publisher. Failing in attempts tofound his own journal, in 1841 Poe became an editor of Grahams Magazine, a new journalformed by George Graham through a merger of his magazine The Casket with theGentlemans Magazine, which he had bought from Burton. Once more the pattern playeditself out: the magazine thrived under Poes direction, he wanted a higher salary and a freereditorial hand, and he left his positionalthough this time on relatively good terms withthe publisher. Poes personal fortunes once more suffered reverses as his writing careeradvanced. In January 1842, Virginia suddenly began to hemorrhage from the mouth, thefirst indication that she had contracted tuberculosis. She was seriously ill for a time, andwould never again be truly healthy. Poe also had renewed difficulties in his attempts tofind steady employment. But in 1843 he published several works, including The Tell-TaleHeart, in James Russell Lowells short-lived journal The Pioneer, and in June of that yearhis story The Gold-Bug won a $100 prize in a contest sponsored by the PhiladelphiaDollar Newspaper. Widely reprinted, it made Poe famous with a broad fiction-readingpublic, but he did not become financially secure. Owing to lax copyright standards at thetime that allowed for widespread reprintinga condition that Poe himself editorializedaboutwriters did not profit directly from the popularity of their work. In 1844, Poemoved to New York, where he lectured on American poetry and con tributed articles tonewspapers and magazines. The year 1845 would bring both triumphs and the beginning of a final downwardspiral in Poes life. His poem The Raven appeared in the New York Evening Mirror inJanuary, and was an instant success with both readers and critics. He began writing for theBroadway Journal, became its editor in July, and shortly thereafter fulfilled a longstandingdream by becoming its owner as well. But a series of articles in which he groundlesslyaccused Henry Wadsworth Longfellow of plagiarism did harm to Poes reputation, andVirginias health problems became severe. Financial difficulties, his worry over Virginia,and his own precarious physical and emotional state caused him to cease publication of theBroadway Journal after less than six months as its proprietor. He moved out of New YorkCity to a cottage in then-rural Fordham (now a heavily urban section of the Bronx), wherein the midst of poverty, ill health, and Virginias now grave illness, he still somehowc ontinued to earn a small income writing reviews and articles. A satirical piece on fellowwriter Thomas Dunn English provoked from its subject a scurrilous personal attack in theEvening Mirror, which led Poe to sue the publication. Although he would win the suit andcollect damages the following year, the whole episode was a great strain upon Poesalready fragile nervous system. On January 30, 1847, Virginia died, plunging Poe into an emotional and physicalcollapse that lasted for most of the year. In 1848, he was briefly engaged to marry SarahHelen Whitman, a widowed poet several years his senior, but their relationship was tenseand strained, and the engagement was broken off. He went to Richmond in the summer of1849, hoping to find financial backing for yet another journal, and while there he wasreunited with and re-engaged to Elmira Royster, his first love, now herself a widow. Hesailed from Richmond to Baltimore, where on October 3, 1849, he was found outside apolling place (it was election day), in a state of delirium and wearing shabby and ill-fittingclothing. He was taken to a nearby hospital, where he raved feverishly for several daysbefore dying on October 7 at the age of forty. Neither the circumstances that had led to hiscondition nor the exact cause of his death have ever been satisfactorily determined. Poesposthumous reputation sustained grievou s and long-lasting damage from a libelousbiography by Rufus Griswold, whom Poe himself had appointed his literary executor, andrumors, mostly unfounded, circulate to this day about Poes mental state and personalhabits.